DescriptionFidelity Research XF-1 Type L MC Step Up Transformer Moving Coil Cartridge Used All my products are 100% Authentic. Please feel free to contact us if you have any question. Payment We usually ship within 5?10 business days of receiving cleared payment. Shipping We ship using FedEx, DHL and Japan Post.International Buyers - Please Note:Import duties, taxes and charges are not included in the item price or shipping charges.These charges are the buyer’s responsibility.Please check with your country’s customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding/buying. These charges are normally collected by the delivering freight (shipping) company or when you pick the item up do not confuse them for additional shipping charges. I do not mark merchandise values below value or mark items as gifts - US and International government regulations prohibit such behavior.

This is one set Used Fidelity Research XF-1 H MC Step Up Transformer. Specifications Type: step up transformer for MC cartridge Input impedance: 19-40 ohms (H) Load impedance: 47 to 50 Kohms Maximum gain:18dB (H) Frequency response: 5Hz to 50kHz Output cable: 70cm Dimensions: 158 x 70 x 120mm Weight: 2.1kg WORLDWIDE SHIPPING BY AIR PARCEL WITH TRACKING INFORMATION AT USD40.Buyer is responsible for your countrys (destination) import taxes/VATs/customs duties.If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me.

Fidelity Research XF-1 Typ H : Verstärkung 18 dB , Eingangsimpedanz 19-40 Ohm für Tonabnehmer wie z.B. Benz LP-S Die Cinchstecker sind umgerüstet auf Eichmann Kupfer. Der Übertrager kommt vom Nichtraucher und kann versendet werden. internationale Versandkosten auf Anfrage --- Privatverkauf ohne Gewährleistung / Garantie / Rücknahme. Der Verkauf erfolgt unter Ausschluss jeglicher Sachmängelhaftung. Die Haftung auf Schadenersatz wegen Verletzungen von Gesundheit, Körper oder Leben und grob fahrlässiger und/oder vorsätzlicher Pflichtverletzungen bleibt unberührt.

Description100% Authentic and Genuine GuaranteePlease check the item specifics above.Payment ONLY ebay Payments Please Note... We can ship items to only an address registered on ebay. Also you CANNOT change shipping address after you purchase items, so please re-confirm it before you click buy it now or bid button.Shipping Ships from JAPAN with Tracking and Safety Packaging Handling...5 business days after your paymentAbout Us Thank you for visiting our item page! We basically sell Japanese stuffs!International Buyers - Please Note:Import duties, taxes, and charges are not included in the item price or shipping cost. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding or buying.

Fidelity Research XF-1 Type L MC Step Up Transformer Moving Coil Cartridge DescriptionAppearance; Appearance is beautiful. If you want to know more details of condition, please feel free to contact me. ShippingI send a product by airmail. I attach the tracking number. Please bid it without worrying.Packing Packing We use cushioning material to pursue safety and weight reduction. ReturnsUnconditional Return PolicyCustomer service and satisfaction are very important to us. I have an unconditional return policy if notified within 30 days of the receipt of the item.All returned items must be the original condition. All return requests must be made within 30 days of the receipt of the item.Please contact me first for return before you ship it back to me. The postage of the returned goods is a seller burden.International BuyersPlease Note: Import duties, taxes, and charges are not included in the item price or shipping cost. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding or buying.

????PRODUCTS???? Please check the Photo????PAYMENTS???? We accept PayPal and all major Debit / Credit Cards. We can only ship your item after your payment clears. We ship within 10 days of payment.????CHECKOUT???? Please check your address before paying because we can ONLY ship to addresses that are entered before placing the order. We cannot change an address after the order has already been placed.????SHIPPING???? Packages:Box and Bubblerup Packages usually leave our warehouse within 10 days of payment. Weekend orders will ship on Monday or Tuesday. We provide valid Tracking Numbers for all orders.????International Packages:???? We ship to all US Territories, Europe and Asia and Middle East and Australia and Canada including Guam and Hawaii. All our international packages ship under the Fedex and Japan Post.????CUSTOMER SERVICE???? If you have any questions or issues, we are at your service. You can email us anytime through eBay messages.????RETURN INFORMATION???? We offer a standard FREE 30 days refund or exchange policy. Item must be returned in original condition in order to receive a full refund.????Customs duty???? Import duties, taxes, and charges are not included in the item price or shipping cost. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding or buying. We will reply to your question or invoice within 3 days. We cant not reply gifts or unreasonable requests such as declared amount.

fidelity-research XF-1 Moving Coil Cartridge Transformer Step-Up Tested Japan Description Condition: UsedVery Good Condition! Works Perfectly! Tested by our professional technician. All my products are 100% Authentic.Please feel free to contact us if you have any question.Please check the picture. Payment Please pay within 5 days after the auction closed. Shipping About other area, please ask me. When you purchase two or more my items, I can send them together and discount shipping cost. Returns Returns are accepted ONLY if the item was not the item described. International Buyers - Please Note: * Import duties, taxes and charges are not included in the item price or shipping charges. These charges are the buyers responsibility. * Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding/buying. * These charges are normally collected by the delivering freight (shipping) company or when you pick the item up - do not confuse them for additional shipping charges. * We do not mark merchandise values below value or mark items as gifts - US and International government regulations prohibit such behavior. Yamaha YSP-2700 Digital Sound Bar Projector Black Wi-Fi Music Cast YSP2700 Japan

Fidelity Research XF-1 Type L MC Step Up Transformer Moving Coil Cartridge DescriptionAppearance; Appearance is beautiful. If you want to know more details of condition, please feel free to contact me. ShippingI send a product by airmail. I attach the tracking number. Please bid it without worrying.Packing Packing We use cushioning material to pursue safety and weight reduction. ReturnsUnconditional Return PolicyCustomer service and satisfaction are very important to us. I have an unconditional return policy if notified within 30 days of the receipt of the item.All returned items must be the original condition. All return requests must be made within 30 days of the receipt of the item.Please contact me first for return before you ship it back to me. The postage of the returned goods is a seller burden.International BuyersPlease Note: Import duties, taxes, and charges are not included in the item price or shipping cost. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding or buying.

Description Includings are all shown in the photos. Please check the photos carefully. Please contact us if you have any questions. Thank you for visiting. Shipping I send a product by FEDEX or EMS. I attach the tracking number. Please bid it without worrying ? Can not be bundled. Returns Unconditional Return Policy Customer service and satisfaction are very important to us. I have an unconditional return policy if notified within 14 of the receipt of the item. All returned items must be the original condition. All return requests must be made within 14 days of the receipt of the item. Please contact me first for return before you ship it back to me. The postage of the returned goods is a buyer burden. International Buyers Please Note : Import duties, taxes, and charges are not included in the item price or shipping cost. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding or buying.

DescriptionAll my products are 100% Authentic.Please feel free to contact us if you have any question. Shipping We ship using FedEx, DHL and Japan Post. PaymentWe usually ship within 5 to 10 business days of receiving cleared payment. International Buyers - Please Note: Import duties, taxes and charges are not included in the item price or shipping charges.These charges are the buyer’s responsibility.Please check with your country’s customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding/buying. These charges are normally collected by the delivering freight (shipping) company or when you pick the item up do not confuse them for additional shipping charges. I do not mark merchandise values below value or mark items as gifts - US and International government regulations prohibit such behavior.

Audible Fidelity AF-10 Complete Hi-Fi DAB & Stereo System CD Player QI Charging

Description Fidelity Research Fidelity Research XF-1 Type-L Unique = Donut-shaped toroidal Compared to conventional = 4 times the core Pursuit of sound quality = Focus on boosting Steel/Double layer All my products are 100% Authentic.Please feel free to contact us if you have any question. Shipping We ship using FedEx, DHL and Japan Post. PaymentWe usually ship within 10 business days of receiving cleared payment. International Buyers - Please Note: Import duties, taxes and charges are not included in the item price or shipping charges.These charges are the buyer’s responsibility.Please check with your country’s customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding/buying. These charges are normally collected by the delivering freight (shipping) company or when you pick the item up do not confuse them for additional shipping charges. I do not mark merchandise values below value or mark items as gifts - US and International government regulations prohibit such behavior.

Description Manufacturer name: fidelity-researchModel number: XF-1Serial: 081726Manufacturers warranty: NoneSize: Width 158x Height 65x Depth 120mmWeight: 2.1kgAll my products are 100% Authentic.Please feel free to contact us if you have any question. Shipping We ship using FedEx, DHL and Japan Post. PaymentWe usually ship within 10 business days of receiving cleared payment. International Buyers - Please Note: Import duties, taxes and charges are not included in the item price or shipping charges.These charges are the buyer’s responsibility.Please check with your country’s customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding/buying. These charges are normally collected by the delivering freight (shipping) company or when you pick the item up do not confuse them for additional shipping charges. I do not mark merchandise values below value or mark items as gifts - US and International government regulations prohibit such behavior.

Fidelity Research XF-1 Type L MC Step Up Transformer Moving Coil Cartridge DescriptionAppearance; Appearance is beautiful. If you want to know more details of condition, please feel free to contact me. ShippingI send a product by airmail. I attach the tracking number. Please bid it without worrying.Packing Packing We use cushioning material to pursue safety and weight reduction. ReturnsUnconditional Return PolicyCustomer service and satisfaction are very important to us. I have an unconditional return policy if notified within 30 days of the receipt of the item.All returned items must be the original condition. All return requests must be made within 30 days of the receipt of the item.Please contact me first for return before you ship it back to me. The postage of the returned goods is a seller burden.International BuyersPlease Note: Import duties, taxes, and charges are not included in the item price or shipping cost. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding or buying.

Please Note shipping from Japan. Used. Policy Payment Import duties, taxes and charges are not included in the item price or shipping charges. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Cancellations & Returns Cancellation or returns will be accepted only if the item has an obvious problem that was not mentioned in the listing description. If that, please let us know within 3 days you got the item. Buyer is responsible for shipping costs and any charge incurred shipping products back. International Buyers Import duties, taxes and charges are not included in the item price or shipping charges. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding/buying. These charges are normally collected by the delivering freight (shipping) company or when you pick the item up - do not confuse them for additional shipping charges.

Fidelity Research XF-1 Type L MC Step Up Transformer Moving Coil Cartridge Used DescriptionCondition: There are scratches, dirt, and signs of use and aging on the appearance. Basic operation has been confirmed. If you purchase other products together, we might be able to do a discount. So, please message us if you are interested! ShippingShipping method: Economy International Shipping : -11- 23 days -with tracking number -Free Shipping Expedited International Shipping: with tracking number -1-4 days -with tracking number -Additional Cost of Shipping Shipping cost is already included in the price. (Additional price might cost for shipping to Australia.)International Buyers - Please Note:- Returns - Returns are accepted within 30 days of receiving the item. *However, return leg is the responsibility of the customer. Return Policy and 100% Guarantee Any item that is defective beyond the description given on our site will be refunded. If the item delivered is defective, please contact us via email. However, you must return the item to us. Import duties, taxes and charges are not included in the item price or shipping charges. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Please check with your countrys customsoffice to determine what these additional costs will beprior to bidding/buying. These charges are normally collected by the delivering freight (shipping) company or when you pick the item up do not confuse them for additional shipping charges. We do not mark merchandise values below value or mark items as gifts US and International government regulations prohibit such behavior. If you have any inquery please do not hesitate to ask!

Description Manufacturer: Fidelity-ResearchModel number: XF-1 Type L ?Model Step-up transformer for MC type cartridge?Primary impedance 3? or less?Load resistance 47k-50k??Step-up ratio 36dB?Frequency band 5-50,000Hz?Crosstalk?Total harmonic distortion rate?Weight 2.1kg?Dimensions W15.8 x H7.0 x D12.0cmAll my products are 100% Authentic.Please feel free to contact us if you have any question. Shipping We ship using FedEx, DHL and Japan Post. PaymentWe usually ship within 10 business days of receiving cleared payment. International Buyers - Please Note: Import duties, taxes and charges are not included in the item price or shipping charges.These charges are the buyer’s responsibility.Please check with your country’s customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding/buying. These charges are normally collected by the delivering freight (shipping) company or when you pick the item up do not confuse them for additional shipping charges. I do not mark merchandise values below value or mark items as gifts - US and International government regulations prohibit such behavior.

Item Description Condition : USED Very GoodOperation has been confirmed. Shipping Standard Shipping (Japan Post , FedEx , DHL) The package will arrive 5-14 days after shipment.Other Term Import duties, taxes, customs fees, and various charges are not included in the item price or shipping cost. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding or buying. If the cancellation is due to the buyer, we will charge a PayPal fee. If there is a remote charge for your address, we will charge you for additional shipping. Thank you for your understanding.

Description Its genuine. Payment Please make a payment within 3 days otherwise automatically unpaid case will be opened. Shipping Ships within 5-10 business days (Monday to Friday). It will be shipped from Japan by airmail including tracking number and insurance. It will take 1-3 weeks to deliver, depending on the country and location.International Buyers - Please Note import duties, taxes and charges are not included in the item price or shipping charges. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Please check with your country customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding/buying.

fidelity-research XF-1 Type-L Stereo MC Cartridge Step-up Transformer Vintage Domo Arigato! Welcome, Thank you for your visit. Description Operation confirmed. The appearance has small scratches, tarnish, dirt, etc. due to normal use. For other appearances, please refer to the photo. Overview Toroidal step-up transformer designed specifically for low-impedance MC cartridges. The core material of the transformer is made of Super Permalloy alloy, which has a core volume approximately 4 times greater than that of conventional core materials. In order to take advantage of the excellent characteristics of this core material, a laminated ring-type core structure is adopted, in which hundreds of layers of core material rolled to 0.05mm thickness are concentrically wound to further improve the high frequency characteristics.The surface of the core is treated with a special hardening and insulating process, eliminating the need for conventional core casing, and the toroidal winding is applied in a state that is almost like tightly wound. This allows the winding length to be shortened despite the increase in core volume, thereby reducing signal transmission loss. In order to ensure that the left and right channels are completely identical, the toroidal transformer unit, shield drain, and even the output left and right channels are completely independent, greatly improving the electrical and magnetic crosstalk of the left and right channels. Careful quadruple-layer shielding with 78% Permalloy prevents the influence of external induction. 0.8?mm oxygen-free copper wire is used for the internal wiring material to improve the vibration and transmission loss of the wiring itself. The toroidal transformer unit also uses windings to reduce the resistance of both the primary and secondary sides to less than half that of conventional units, contributing to improved transformer conversion efficiency and increased information content. For input and output terminals, highly reliable high contact pressure pin jacks and pin plugs with thick film hard gold plating are used. Specifications Low-impedance dedicated step-up transformerInput (primary) impedance 3? or lessLoad (secondary) impedance 47k? to 50k?Step-up ratio 36dBPlayback frequency range 5Hz to 50kHzOutput cord length 70cmDimensions Width 158 x Height 65 x Depth 120mmWeight 2.1kg Shipping Shipping is only available to the address registered in eBay. Shipping is by FedEx or EMS. Free Shipping Returns Unconditional Return Policy Customer service and satisfaction are very important to us.I have an unconditional return policy if notified within 30 of the receipt of the item. All returned items must be the original condition.All return requests must be made within 30 days of the receipt of the item. Please contact me first for return before you ship it back to me.The postage of the returned goods is a buyer burden. International Buyers Please Note:Import duties, taxes and charges are not included in the item price or shipping charges.These charges are the buyer’s responsibility.Please check with your country’s customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding/buying.These charges are normally collected by the delivering freight (shipping) company or when you pick the item up -do not confuse them for additional shipping charges.We do not mark merchandise values below value or mark items as “gifts” -US and International government regulations prohibit such behavior. I am sorry but we can not arrange that because it is illegal in Japan.Thank you. I am sorry but we can not arrange that because it is illegal in Japan.Thank you.

Fidelity Research XF-1 Type L MC Step Up Transformer Moving Coil Cartridge Used Description Condition: Used We have confirmed the power supply, sound output, and basic operation. The exterior shows some signs of use and aging, such as scratches and dirt. Shipping We will ship your item on week day from Japan. Standard Shipping with tracking number by FedEX or DHL or Japan post. We will ships within 10 business days after receiving cleared payment. ?Business days are not include Saturday, Sunday and National holidays. International Buyers - Please Note: Import duties, taxes, and charges are not included in the item price or shipping cost. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding or buying.

The worlds largest online retailer of pre-owned audio Product DescriptionWho we areWhat we doOur ProcessOur Policies Rogers High Fidelity EHF-100 MK2 Stereo Tube Integrated Amplifier; MK II Product SKU: 54091 Voltage: 120V # of Owners: Unknown Service History: None Serial Number: 3077 Age: Unknown Tobacco Exposure: No MSRP: $8400 Cosmetic Description: Excellent condition with no notable blemishes.  What is Included: Integrated amplifier, Remote, Four KT88 tubes, Two EF86 tubes, Two 12AX7 tubes, Power cable Other Notes: Never before has music sounded so good coming out of your speakers. Clarity rules with the EHF-100. Trust us: turn it on and you?ll be blown away by the concert hall quality. There may be other tube amps on the market, but nothing compares to the power and precision of this amp. The look and the build-quality are stunning, and so is the sound: just close your eyes and immerse yourself in the music. -Rogers High Fidelity Functional Notes: Operational condition of this item is excellent, fully tested and no issues found. Shipping: Cost to ship this item within the contiguous United States is a flat rate of $99- including packaging and insurance. For all other locations including Hawaii, Puerto Rico and Alaska, please request a quote prior to purchase. Items with factory packaging will be double boxed. When factory packaging not available re-usable shipping box with custom injected-foam mold will be used. (for all items over 10 lbs). Note that all items valued over $750 will require a signature upon delivery. Your online source for the best value in new and used audio gear. Visit us online to Buy / Sell / Trade / Consign The Music Room is the largest online retailer of pre-owned HiFi equipment in the world. Headquartered in beautiful Boulder Colorado, The Music Room is a team of 17 strong (and growing) music lovers - all dedicated to one singular mission: delivering the very best online shopping experience in the audio industry - period. We specialize in well-cared for, previously used gear because that is what we are passionate about. We feel that there is nothing more fulfilling than creating a high-performance system on a budget with carefully selected used components, speakers and cables. Our program is safe, secure, fast, fair, hassle-free and highly effective. Visit us online to Buy / Sell / Trade / Consign Buy: Are you looking to get a fair price for your used home audio equipment without all the hassles, headaches, risks and fees? We will appraise your equipment and make you a quick, easy, fair cash offer. Just fill out our “get a quote” form on our homepage to start the process. Sell: We sell in multiple online venues with many (but not all) of our products available in our eBay store. Everything is quality-assured and backed by our best-in-class, satisfaction-guaranteed return policy. Trade: Make your budget go further with a generous trade-in allowance. Let us know what you have available, and we’ll get you the best possible trade-in allowance. We can even assist with shipping & logistics from anywhere in the USA. Just fill out our “get a quote” form on our homepage to start the process. Consign: We offer a hassle-free way for individuals and businesses to liquidate used gear. We’ll handle every step of the process from shipping to appraisals, customer service, fulfillment, and returns: Industry-low rates with no hidden fees Leverage our world-class reputation and get exposure in multiple sales venues - putting your product in front of over 570k monthly shoppers. Our program is Safe, Secure, Fast, Fair, Hassle-Free and Highly Effective. With 100% feedback ratings in every venue in which we sell, you can rest assured that we’ve got your back. Visit us online to Buy / Sell / Trade / Consign Quality Assurance: We offer 15-20 new product listings for sale daily. Each product undergoes an extremely rigorous quality-assurance and listening session by one of our qualified technicians. We understand that buying used audio equipment can be rife with uncertainty and unexpected headaches. Our quality assurance program is informed by a knowledge-base built through delivering over 30,000 used audio products to satisfied customers. We promise to deliver your product in good working order - exactly as described 100% of the time. Support: We don’t just make promises. We stand behind them - your satisfaction is guaranteed. Our support team is ready to help you with any questions you might have before and after the sale. Value: In the never-ending pursuit of high performance, it’s important to stretch your limited budget as far as possible. Used equipment sells for a fraction of new prices, and with a partner like The Music Room you can upgrade any time you like and get most of your money back. There’s simply no better way to maximize a limited audio budget. Packaging: We’ve invested thousands of dollars and countless hours into mastering our state-of-the-art packaging process. Our custom foam-in-place packaging system allows us to safely package almost any item regardless of irregular shapes or sizes. Most importantly, this system provides our customers with a re-usable shipping box which increases the resale value of the product and provides a shipping method for easy, secure returns. Be seen by over 70,000 monthly visitors. Visit us online to Buy / Sell / Trade / Consign Payment: Prompt payment is expected. Paypal is preferred but all forms of payment are accepted. Unpaid item case will be opened after 3 days if no payment received. Shipping Times: Most Domestic orders ship within 1 business day of purchase. For International orders or freight shipments, please allow 2-3 business days. In all cases, tracking information will be emailed to you at the moment the shipping label is created. If you cant find it or have other questions about shipping & logistics, please contact us. Shipping Costs: Flat rate shipping costs are applicable within the contiguous 48 States (USA). These rates are clearly posted on each product page. For an International or custom quote (including Hawaii, PR, AK) please contact us. Returns: Every purchase made on eBay carries a 30-day, satisfaction-guaranteed return policy. If youre not happy with your purchase for any reason or if youve simply changed your mind... no problem. Simply ship it back for a full refund or exchange (minus S&H costs). If you have received an item that is defective in some way, we will make it right. Let us know - we will pay for return shipping and repair the item or refund 100% of your original purchase price.

DescriptionI have posted a picture of the inside, so please take a look.There are scratches and scuffs due to use, but no noticeable damage was found. Did the previous owner extend the length of the ground cable? Maybe its for the purpose of doing this, but Ive taken over it once in the middle. There may be other oversights, so we have posted as many images as possible, so please refer to them. Judging the appearance varies from person to person, and the impressions received may vary, so if you are concerned about the details, please refrain from bidding. Please consider this from the perspective of a used audio product.ShippingOur warehouse staff will ship it within 10 working days.Your parcel will be delivered by FedEx/DHL/Japan Post with tracking number from Japan.It usually takes from several days to 1 week.About Us My store is located in Fukuoka, Japan.We sell attractive Japanese products.We value our relationships with all of you.International Buyers - Please Note: - Import duties, taxes and charges are not included in the item price or shipping charges. These charges are the buyers responsibility. - Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding/buying. - These charges are normally collected by the delivering freight (shipping) company or when you pick the item up - do not confuse them for additional shipping charges. - We do not mark merchandise values below value or mark items as gifts - US and International government regulations prohibit such behavior.

Item TitleDescriptionAbout This ItemsFidelity Research Fidelity Research has now disappeared.Led by the charismatic founder Isamu Ikeda (deceased), the company established a consistent identity.You can feel that it was a legendary manufacturer that created an era.The item for sale is the last step-up transformer that Mr. Ikeda worked on.AppearanceThere are some scratches all overConditionOperation has been confirmedIncluded Itemsonly a main partShippingWe always send the item with a tracking number. So please place an order without any concern on delivery. You can always track the delivery status.Shipping is only available to the address registered in eBay. If you want us to send another address, please change your address on eBay and then place an order.It will be shipped from Japan, so it will take some time.We do not mark merchandise values below value or mark items as “gifts” – Japan, US and International government regulations prohibit such behavior.About Importers Obligation Import duties, taxes, and charges are not included in the item price or shipping cost. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding or buying. Thank you for your understanding.