Topping Dx3 Pro Headphone Amplifier Pre-owned from Japan Great Condition Description Model number: DX3 PROWarranty period: 3 months Warranty Estimated shipping: 1-2 days later Registration date: October 2, 2022 Release date:2018Supported formatsAAC/SBC/APTX/APTX-LL/APTX-HDremarksThe remote control and antenna are missing/Its all in the image.WEB No.2013430000103721[Display based on Secondhand Goods Business Law: Tokyo Metropolitan Public Safety Commission No. 308839702078] If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me.Please check the condition of the product in the photo.All items are in the picture.?Note only for products that are turned on.?????????????Products that do not turn on are not eligible? The power supply for this product is AC100V 50/60Hz.A transformer may be required in some countries.Please prepare the transformer on the purchase side. Outlet specifications??A typeIf it is different from A type, a converter is required. You in areas other than 100V.If you use the transformer I sell, you can use it in areas other than 100V.ebay.comhttp://www.ebay.com/itm/373547463184ebay.ukhttps://www.ebay.com/itm/373547520813 ebay.euhttps://www.ebay.com/itm/373547520926ebay.auhttps://www.ebay.com/itm/373547520958We also sell other than ebay.com.Please contact us if you would like to purchase.If you have any other questions, please contact me.* It may not be possible in some areasPlease consider carefully.At my shop, I will check the items that need to be checked before shipping.I will take a video of the operation confirmation.You can check the video on YouTube.This service gives buyers peace of mind.Payment ??Please payment within ??3 days after the auction closed. Shipping Ship by express EMS?or DHL or FedExWe will deliver by the fastest delivery method. Shipment with damage / loss insuranceWith tracking number ??(10-15 days to US) ??(10-30days or more to Other countries) Terms of Sale ??[About returned goods]????Returns are accepted only if the item was ? not the item described in the aution. [Return] Returned goods for personal reasons will not be accepted. International Buyers - Please Note: Import duties, taxes, and charges are not included in the item price or shipping cost. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding or buying. Provided by HARU

For sale Topping Dx3 Pro + Dac/Amp. This little piece of hardware packs a big punch and great clarity. It has been taken great care of and is in perfect working condition. Will ship in original box with all cables and accessories including remote. Please check my perfect feedback and bid with confidence. Any questions let me know!

viewport content=width=device-width, initial-scale=1> TOPPING DX3 Pro+ Bluetooth 5.0 DAC Amp Headphone Amplifier W/ Remote & Power Cod Description Model number: DX3 PROWarranty period: 3 months Warranty Estimated shipping: 1-2 days later Registration date: October 2, 2022 Release date:2018Supported formatsAAC/SBC/APTX/APTX-LL/APTX-HDremarksThe remote control and antenna are missing/Its all in the image.WEB No.2013430000103721[Display based on Secondhand Goods Business Law: Tokyo Metropolitan Public Safety Commission No. 308839702078] ?Note only for products that are turned on.?????????????Products that do not turn on are not eligible? The power supply for this product is AC100V 50/60Hz.A transformer may be required in some countries.Please prepare the transformer on the purchase side. Outlet specifications??A typeIf it is different from A type, a converter is required. You in areas other than 100V.If you use the transformer I sell, you can use it in areas other than 100V.ebay.comhttp://www.ebay.com/itm/373547463184ebay.ukhttps://www.ebay.com/itm/373547520813 ebay.euhttps://www.ebay.com/itm/373547520926ebay.auhttps://www.ebay.com/itm/373547520958We also sell other than ebay.com.Please contact us if you would like to purchase.If you have any other questions, please contact me.* It may not be possible in some areasPlease consider carefully.Payment ??We accept payment by PayPal only. ??Please payment within ??3 days after the auction closed. Shipping free shippingShip by express EMS?or DHL or FedExWe will deliver by the fastest delivery method. Shipment with damage / loss insuranceWith tracking number ??(10-15 days to US) ??(10-30days or more to Other countries) Terms of Sale ??[About returned goods]????Returns are accepted only if the item was ? not the item described in the aution. [Return] Returned goods for personal reasons will not be accepted. International Buyers - Please Note: Import duties, taxes, and charges are not included in the item price or shipping cost. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding or buying. Provided by HARU

Topping Dx3 Pro Kopfhörer VerstärkerDas Datenblatt dieses Produkts wurde ursprünglich auf Englisch verfasst. Unten finden Sie eine automatische Übersetzung ins Deutsche. Sollten Sie irgendwelche Fragen haben, kontaktieren Sie uns.ZahlungSeien Sie versichert, dass unser Geschäft verschiedene Zahlungsmethoden anbietet.Bitte zahlen Sie innerhalb von 5 Tagen nach Auktionsende.Über unsWir sind in Japan ansässig. Überprüfen Sie bei Elektroprodukten den Hersteller und das Produkt und rechnen Sie die Spannung in das jeweilige Land um. Wir planen den Versand per FedEx oder DHL. Bitte kontaktieren Sie uns, da sich die Versandkosten in manchen Fällen ändern können. Es ist uns eine Freude, Sie mit der Unterbreitung unserer empfohlenen Artikel glücklich zu machen.Wenn Sie Fragen oder Wünsche zu den Artikeln haben, können Sie sich jederzeit an uns wenden.Internationale Käufer - bitte beachten:-Einfuhrzölle, Steuern und Gebühren sind nicht im Artikelpreis oder den Versandkosten enthalten. Diese Gebühren gehen zu Lasten des Käufers.- Bitte erkundigen Sie sich vor der Gebotsabgabe/dem Kauf beim Zollamt Ihres Landes, wie hoch diese zusätzlichen Kosten sein werden.- Diese Gebühren werden normalerweise von der liefernden Frachtfirma (Versandfirma) oder bei der Abholung des Artikels erhoben. Verwechseln Sie sie nicht mit zusätzlichen Versandkosten.- Wir kennzeichnen Waren nicht mit einem Wert unter dem Wert und kennzeichnen Artikel auch nicht als Geschenke. Die US-amerikanischen und internationalen Regierungsvorschriften verbieten ein solches Verhalten.]]>Wir sind in Japan ansässig. Überprüfen Sie bei Elektroprodukten den Hersteller und das Produkt und rechnen Sie die Spannung in das jeweilige Land um. Wir planen den Versand per FedEx oder DHL. Bitte kontaktieren Sie uns, da sich die Versandkosten in manchen Fällen ändern können. -Einfuhrzölle, Steuern und Gebühren sind nicht im Artikelpreis oder den Versandkosten enthalten. Diese Gebühren gehen zu Lasten des Käufers. - Diese Gebühren werden normalerweise von der liefernden Frachtfirma (Versandfirma) oder bei der Abholung des Artikels erhoben. Verwechseln Sie sie nicht mit zusätzlichen Versandkosten. - Wir kennzeichnen Waren nicht mit einem Wert unter dem Wert und kennzeichnen Artikel auch nicht als Geschenke. Die US-amerikanischen und internationalen Regierungsvorschriften verbieten ein s Brand Topping Country Japan Type NA Model NA Number of Channels NA Audio Inputs NA Number of Inputs NA Number of Outputs NA Color NA Audio Outputs NA Supported Modes NA Surround Sound Formats NA Features NA Power NA Receiver Combo Features NA MPN NA Unit Quantity NA Unit Type NA Amplifier Class NA Year Manufactured NA Country/Region of Manufacture NA Compatible Product NA California Prop 65 Warning NA Manufacturer Warranty NA UPC NA

PaymentRest assured that our store offers a variety of payment methods.Please pay within 5 days after auction is finished. About UsWe are located in Japan.For electrical products check the manufacturer and product and convert to the voltage of each country.We plan to ship by FedEx or DHL.Please contact us as the shipping fee can be changed in some cases. Its our pleasure to make you happy by proposing our recommend item.If you have any questions or request about items please feel free to ask us. International Buyers - Please Note:-Import duties taxes and charges are not included in the item price or shipping charges. These charges are the buyers responsibility.-Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding/buying.-These charges are normally collected by the delivering freight (shipping) company or when you pick the item up - do not confuse them for additional shipping charges.-We do not mark merchandise values below value or mark items as - gifts - The US and International government regulations prohibit such behavior.>

Used topping dx3 pro +, used it for a little under a year and recently ended up upgrading to a e70 velvet. Works perfectly fine, even still has the screen wrap. Comes with the remote and antenna for blutooth as well. No original box. Nice clean DAC amp that packs a punch for its price range!

DescriptionAll items are shown in the pictures. If you cannot tell from the pictures please contact us. Due to differences in region codes some games CDs DVDs etc. may not ?be available. The voltage of some electrical products may be different. Please make sure to check before purchasing. PaymentPlease pay within 2 days of winning the auction. Shipping There have been delays in delivery due to the global pandemic. There may be a significant delay in the scheduled delivery date. Delivery Time Economy delivery? 3 to 4 weeks (Tracking numbers are not reflected in Australia Canada and some regions.) Standard delivery 2 to 3 weeks Terms of Sale If payment is not confirmed within 2 days of purchase the order will be cancelled. Returns are accepted within 60 days.International Buyers - Please Note: Import duties and taxes are not included in the item price or shipping cost. Please check with your countrys customs office for additional costs before bidding or purchasing. Duties and taxes are not collected by the shipping company. Please check with your countrys customs office for additional costs before bidding or purchasing. The act of declaring goods at a lower value or declaring goods as gifts is prohibited by international governments.

Looking to sell a used Topping DX3 Pro+ DAC/AMP combo that was purchased from Amazon on May 7, 2023. Unit was used in my bedroom with a FIIO X5 Gen 3 via coaxial connection with IEMs. The DAC/AMP combo worked with no issues. Recently upgraded to a newer DAC/amp combo, so this is no longer needed. Comes with all original accessories, and box. Will be shipped via Priority Mail.

Looking to sell a used Topping DX3 Pro+ DAC/AMP combo that was purchased from Amazon on May 7, 2023. Unit was used in my bedroom with a FIIO X5 Gen 3 via coaxial connection with IEMs. The DAC/AMP combo worked with no issues. Recently upgraded to a newer DAC/amp combo, so this is no longer needed. Comes with all original accessories, and box. Will be shipped via Priority Mail.

Der DAC wird in der OVP mit komplettem Zubehr geliefert. Die Rechnung aus 2023 kann per E-Mail versendet werden. Der DAC funktioniert Einwandfrei und ist in einem sehr guten Zustand. Der Verkauf erfolgt unter Ausschluss jeglicher Gewhrleistung. Ich schliee jegliche Sachmangelhaftung aus.

Used, with all original packaging and included materials (cables, remote, and antenna). In excellent condition with no indication of wear. https://www.toppingaudio.com/product-item/dx3-proThe evolution of a classicThe TOPPING DX3 Pro+ DAC/Amp is TOPPING’s upgrade of their classic DX3 Pro. With a new Bluetooth chip and DAC chip, the Pro+ outperforms its predecessor while also coming in at a lower price point. The Pro+ has 60% lower THD+N (DAC), 85% lower THD+N (HPA), over 100% more power, and 90% lower output impedance than the DX3 Pro (LDAC version).Bluetooth 5.0 LDACHi-Res Audio Wireless and LDAC are supported with a Qualcomm QCC5152 chip. Unlike other DACs that decode Bluetooth codecs with the Bluetooth chip, the DX3 Pro+ uses the ESS ES9038Q2M chip for decoding for even better performance. Plug and playSimply plug the DX3 Pro+ via USB into your PC or Mac to enjoy all the benefits of a high-end DAC without the need for drivers. Only higher-end ASIO applications on Windows 10 require a driver. Low noise NFCA circuitAn optimized NFCA circuit provides powerful, distortion-free performance: 1800mWx2 @32?, 0.00015% THD+N. High/low gain settingsTwo gain settings (+6dB/+19dB) make it easy to adjust for the varying impedances of IEMs and full-sized headphones. Four output modesAdapt to every listening situation with the DX3 Pro+’s four output modes: headphone amp, headphone amp + DAC, DAC, and preamplifier.Product highlightsESS ES9038Q2M DAC chipLDAC audioTHD+N: 0.00015%DSD512PCM768kHzXMOS XU208Built-in NFC headphone ampRemote controlWhat’s includedDX3 Pro+DC 15V / 1 A Power AdapterRemote ControlBluetooth AntennaUSB CableUser manualWarranty card

TOPPING DX3 Pro+ Bluetooth 5.0 DAC Amp Headphone Amplifier - Used (mint condition)- Original packaging included- All functional

Topping Dx3 Pro Headphone Amplifier Pre-owned from Japan in Good Condition Description Model number: DX3PROWarranty period: Refund within 10 days Estimated shipping date: 3-4 days Registration date: June 6, 2024 Input terminalAnalog input, coax input x2.optical input x1WEB No.2013790000100710[Display based on the Secondhand Goods Business Act: Kagawa Prefecture Public Safety Commission No. 811090000727] If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me.Please check the condition of the product in the photo.All items are in the picture.?Note only for products that are turned on.?????????????Products that do not turn on are not eligible? The power supply for this product is AC100V 50/60Hz.A transformer may be required in some countries.Please prepare the transformer on the purchase side. Outlet specifications??A typeIf it is different from A type, a converter is required. You in areas other than 100V.If you use the transformer I sell, you can use it in areas other than 100V.ebay.comhttp://www.ebay.com/itm/373547463184ebay.ukhttps://www.ebay.com/itm/373547520813 ebay.euhttps://www.ebay.com/itm/373547520926ebay.auhttps://www.ebay.com/itm/373547520958We also sell other than ebay.com.Please contact us if you would like to purchase.If you have any other questions, please contact me.* It may not be possible in some areasPlease consider carefully.At my shop, I will check the items that need to be checked before shipping.I will take a video of the operation confirmation.You can check the video on YouTube.This service gives buyers peace of mind.Payment ??Please payment within ??3 days after the auction closed. Shipping Ship by express EMS?or DHL or FedExWe will deliver by the fastest delivery method. Shipment with damage / loss insuranceWith tracking number ??(10-15 days to US) ??(10-30days or more to Other countries) Terms of Sale ??[About returned goods]????Returns are accepted only if the item was ? not the item described in the aution. [Return] Returned goods for personal reasons will not be accepted. International Buyers - Please Note: Import duties, taxes, and charges are not included in the item price or shipping cost. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding or buying. Provided by HARU

Topping Dx3 Pro Kopfhörer VerstärkerDas Datenblatt dieses Produkts wurde ursprünglich auf Englisch verfasst. Unten finden Sie eine automatische Übersetzung ins Deutsche. Sollten Sie irgendwelche Fragen haben, kontaktieren Sie uns.ZahlungSeien Sie versichert, dass unser Geschäft verschiedene Zahlungsmethoden anbietet.Bitte zahlen Sie innerhalb von 5 Tagen nach Auktionsende.Über unsWir sind in Japan ansässig. Überprüfen Sie bei elektrischen Produkten den Hersteller und das Produkt und rechnen Sie die Spannung in das jeweilige Land um. Wir planen den Versand per FedEx oder DHL. Bitte kontaktieren Sie uns, da sich die Versandkosten in einigen Fällen ändern können. Es ist uns eine Freude, Sie mit der Unterbreitung unserer empfohlenen Artikel glücklich zu machen.Wenn Sie Fragen oder Wünsche zu den Artikeln haben, können Sie sich jederzeit an uns wenden.Internationale Käufer - Bitte beachten Sie:-Einfuhrzölle, Steuern und Gebühren sind nicht im Artikelpreis oder den Versandkosten enthalten. Diese Gebühren gehen zu Lasten des Käufers.- Bitte erkundigen Sie sich vor der Gebotsabgabe/dem Kauf beim Zollamt Ihres Landes, wie hoch diese zusätzlichen Kosten sein werden.- Diese Gebühren werden normalerweise von der liefernden Frachtfirma (Versandfirma) oder bei der Abholung des Artikels erhoben. Verwechseln Sie sie nicht mit zusätzlichen Versandkosten.- Wir kennzeichnen Waren nicht mit einem Wert unter dem Wert und kennzeichnen Artikel auch nicht als Geschenke. Die US-amerikanischen und internationalen Regierungsvorschriften verbieten ein solches Verhalten.]]>Wir sind in Japan ansässig. Überprüfen Sie bei elektrischen Produkten den Hersteller und das Produkt und rechnen Sie die Spannung in das jeweilige Land um. Wir planen den Versand per FedEx oder DHL. Bitte kontaktieren Sie uns, da sich die Versandkosten in einigen Fällen ändern können. -Einfuhrzölle, Steuern und Gebühren sind nicht im Artikelpreis oder den Versandkosten enthalten. Diese Gebühren gehen zu Lasten des Käufers. - Diese Gebühren werden normalerweise von der liefernden Frachtfirma (Versandfirma) oder bei der Abholung des Artikels erhoben. Verwechseln Sie sie nicht mit zusätzlichen Versandkosten. - Wir kennzeichnen Waren nicht mit einem Wert unter dem Wert und kennzeichnen Artikel auch nicht als Geschenke. Die US-amerikanischen und internationalen Regierungsvorschriften verbieten Receiver Combo Features NA Number of Inputs NA Year Manufactured NA Audio Outputs NA Country/Region of Manufacture NA Unit Quantity NA Supported Modes NA Power NA Compatible Product NA Type NA Brand Topping Surround Sound Formats NA Band NA California Prop 65 Warning NA Number of Channels NA Number of Outputs NA Unit Type NA Country Japan UPC NA Manufacturer Warranty NA Model NA Audio Inputs NA Amplifier Class NA Features NA Color NA MPN NA

PaymentRest assured that our store offers a variety of payment methods.Please pay within 5 days after auction is finished. About UsWe are located in Japan.For electrical products check the manufacturer and product and convert to the voltage of each country.We plan to ship by FedEx or DHL.Please contact us as the shipping fee can be changed in some cases. Its our pleasure to make you happy by proposing our recommend item.If you have any questions or request about items please feel free to ask us. International Buyers - Please Note:-Import duties taxes and charges are not included in the item price or shipping charges. These charges are the buyers responsibility.-Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding/buying.-These charges are normally collected by the delivering freight (shipping) company or when you pick the item up - do not confuse them for additional shipping charges.-We do not mark merchandise values below value or mark items as - gifts - The US and International government regulations prohibit such behavior.>

DescriptionAll items are shown in the pictures. If you cannot tell from the pictures please contact us. Due to differences in region codes some games CDs DVDs etc. may not ?be available. The voltage of some electrical products may be different. Please make sure to check before purchasing. PaymentPlease pay within 2 days of winning the auction. Shipping There have been delays in delivery due to the global pandemic. There may be a significant delay in the scheduled delivery date. Delivery Time Economy delivery? 3 to 4 weeks (Tracking numbers are not reflected in Australia Canada and some regions.) Standard delivery 2 to 3 weeks Terms of Sale If payment is not confirmed within 2 days of purchase the order will be cancelled. Returns are accepted within 60 days.International Buyers - Please Note: Import duties and taxes are not included in the item price or shipping cost. Please check with your countrys customs office for additional costs before bidding or purchasing. Duties and taxes are not collected by the shipping company. Please check with your countrys customs office for additional costs before bidding or purchasing. The act of declaring goods at a lower value or declaring goods as gifts is prohibited by international governments.

Sehr gut erhaltener Kopfhörerverstärker mit integriertem DAC (Digital/Audio Converter) zu verkaufen. Keine sichtbaren Abnutzungsspuren, Fernbedienung hat minimale übliche Gebrauchsspuren. Topping DX3 Pro+, inklusive sämtlichen Einzelteilen wie abgebildet:Fernbedienung (ohne Batterien), BT-Antenne, USB Kabel, Netzteil usw. Privatverkauf, daher keine Gewährleistung, Umtausch, Rückgabe und Sachmangel Haftung (außer der üblichen Ausnahmen) Aufgrund von schlechten Erfahrungen muss ich Sie darauf hinweisen beim Kauf auf eine korrekte Lieferadresse zu achten. Falls Ihnen erst nach Versand Ihre falsche Adresse auffällt, leite ich rechtliche Schritte ein.

Elevate your audio experience with the TOPPING DX3 Pro+ Bluetooth 5.0 LDAC ES9038Q2M DAC AMP NFCA Headphone Amplifier. Crafted with the finest technology, this amplifier is designed to enhance your headphone audio quality to a whole new level. With a sleek black finish, this amplifier complements any setup beautifully. The TOPPING DX3 Pro+ Bluetooth 5.0 LDAC ES9038Q2M DAC AMP NFCA Headphone Amplifier is perfect for music enthusiasts who love to get lost in their favorite tunes. This amplifier is designed to provide an immersive audio experience without compromising on the quality. Whether youre streaming music or watching movies, this amplifier is sure to deliver exceptional sound quality. Condition: Used, very good, includes amplifier, power cable, USB cable

viewport content=width=device-width, initial-scale=1> Topping DX3 Pro DAC Headphone Amplifier Silver Good Condition Used Description Model number: DX3PROWarranty period: 10 days Refund Shipping estimate: 3-4 days laterRegistration date: June 6, 2024Input terminal Analog input, coax input x2.optical input x1 ?Note only for products that are turned on.?????????????Products that do not turn on are not eligible? The power supply for this product is AC100V 50/60Hz.A transformer may be required in some countries.Please prepare the transformer on the purchase side. Outlet specifications??A typeIf it is different from A type, a converter is required. You in areas other than 100V.If you use the transformer I sell, you can use it in areas other than 100V.ebay.comhttp://www.ebay.com/itm/373547463184ebay.ukhttps://www.ebay.com/itm/373547520813 ebay.euhttps://www.ebay.com/itm/373547520926ebay.auhttps://www.ebay.com/itm/373547520958We also sell other than ebay.com.Please contact us if you would like to purchase.If you have any other questions, please contact me.* It may not be possible in some areasPlease consider carefully.Payment ??We accept payment by PayPal only. ??Please payment within ??3 days after the auction closed. Shipping free shippingShip by express EMS?or DHL or FedExWe will deliver by the fastest delivery method. Shipment with damage / loss insuranceWith tracking number ??(10-15 days to US) ??(10-30days or more to Other countries) Terms of Sale ??[About returned goods]????Returns are accepted only if the item was ? not the item described in the aution. [Return] Returned goods for personal reasons will not be accepted. International Buyers - Please Note: Import duties, taxes, and charges are not included in the item price or shipping cost. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding or buying. Provided by HARU

Der TOPPING DX3 Pro+ DAC AMP ES9038Q2M ist ein unbenutztes Gerät mit 5 Monaten Restgarantie und Rechnung, OVP. Der Amp wurde im Dezember 22 gekauft, aber nie verwendet, da ich auf ein Wireless-System umgestiegen bin. Zustand ist absolut neuwertig. Die Rechnung liegt dann dem Paket bei.

This is barely used but I do not have the box and manuals. It comes with accessories as shown: power cable, data cable and remote.

Topping DX3 Pro DAC AMP Headphone amplifier with Bluetooth Note that this is the original DX3 Pro, not the plus version. DAC Chipset (AKM AK4493) supports:USB: 44.1 kHz-768kHz/16bit-32bit, DSD64-DSD512 (Native), DSD64-DSD256 (DOP)OPT/COAX: 44.1 kHz-192kHz/16bit-24bit Bluetooth: AAC/SBC/APTX/APTX LL/APTX HD Good used condition. Works perfectly. Remote and all accessories included. Will ship in original box.

Only comes with antenna and power cord and of course the dx3

DescriptionAll items are shown in the pictures. If you cannot tell from the pictures please contact us. Due to differences in region codes some games CDs DVDs etc. may not ?be available. The voltage of some electrical products may be different. Please make sure to check before purchasing. PaymentPlease pay within 2 days of winning the auction. Shipping There have been delays in delivery due to the global pandemic. There may be a significant delay in the scheduled delivery date. Delivery Time Economy delivery? 3 to 4 weeks (Tracking numbers are not reflected in Australia Canada and some regions.) Standard delivery 2 to 3 weeks Terms of Sale If payment is not confirmed within 2 days of purchase the order will be cancelled. Returns are accepted within 60 days.International Buyers - Please Note: Import duties and taxes are not included in the item price or shipping cost. Please check with your countrys customs office for additional costs before bidding or purchasing. Duties and taxes are not collected by the shipping company. Please check with your countrys customs office for additional costs before bidding or purchasing. The act of declaring goods at a lower value or declaring goods as gifts is prohibited by international governments.