DescriptionAll items are shown in the pictures. If you cannot tell from the pictures please contact us. Due to differences in region codes some games CDs DVDs etc. may not ?be available. The voltage of some electrical products may be different. Please make sure to check before purchasing. PaymentPlease pay within 2 days of winning the auction. Shipping There have been delays in delivery due to the global pandemic. There may be a significant delay in the scheduled delivery date. Delivery Time Economy delivery? 3 to 4 weeks (Tracking numbers are not reflected in Australia Canada and some regions.) Standard delivery 2 to 3 weeks Terms of Sale If payment is not confirmed within 2 days of purchase the order will be cancelled. Returns are accepted within 60 days.International Buyers - Please Note: Import duties and taxes are not included in the item price or shipping cost. Please check with your countrys customs office for additional costs before bidding or purchasing. Duties and taxes are not collected by the shipping company. Please check with your countrys customs office for additional costs before bidding or purchasing. The act of declaring goods at a lower value or declaring goods as gifts is prohibited by international governments.

Vintage Onkyo Model A-5 Integrated Stereo Amplifier.

viewport content=width=device-width, initial-scale=1> Onkyo A-5VL Integrated Amplifier Silver Good Condition Used Description Model number: A-5VLWarranty period 3 months Estimated shipping within 1 weekRegistration date May 25, 2024 Maximum output 90w+90wRated output 40w+40wimpedance 4-8?S/N ratio 100db ?Note only for products that are turned on.?????????????Products that do not turn on are not eligible? The power supply for this product is AC100V 50/60Hz.A transformer may be required in some countries.Please prepare the transformer on the purchase side. Outlet specifications??A typeIf it is different from A type, a converter is required. You in areas other than 100V.If you use the transformer I sell, you can use it in areas other than 100V.ebay.comhttp://www.ebay.com/itm/373547463184ebay.ukhttps://www.ebay.com/itm/373547520813 ebay.euhttps://www.ebay.com/itm/373547520926ebay.auhttps://www.ebay.com/itm/373547520958We also sell other than ebay.com.Please contact us if you would like to purchase.If you have any other questions, please contact me.* It may not be possible in some areasPlease consider carefully.Payment ??We accept payment by PayPal only. ??Please payment within ??3 days after the auction closed. Shipping free shippingShip by express EMS?or DHL or FedExWe will deliver by the fastest delivery method. Shipment with damage / loss insuranceWith tracking number ??(10-15 days to US) ??(10-30days or more to Other countries) Terms of Sale ??[About returned goods]????Returns are accepted only if the item was ? not the item described in the aution. [Return] Returned goods for personal reasons will not be accepted. International Buyers - Please Note: Import duties, taxes, and charges are not included in the item price or shipping cost. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding or buying. Provided by HARU

ONKYO A-5VL integrated amplifier Description release date 2009 Integrated amplifier equipped with a high-precision DAC and compatible with digital connections!! Rated output: 40W/8? / 80W/4?? Compatible impedance: 2? ~ 16? Playback frequency band: 5HZ ~ 60KHZ Analog input: 5 systems Analog output: 1 system remarks ?Instruction manual ?Power supply (AC adapter) remote control scratches/dirt ?Shipping?DHL. ( 4-10 days to arrival)I can not responsible for normal SAL shipping loss or damage.For expensive items we recommend EMS Depending on the size and weight after packing the items,The shipping method may change depending on your location. Please contact us for additional chargesShipping is only available to the address registered in Paypal.Please note that any address not registered in Paypal is not acceptable to ship. Shipping is available from Monday to Friday. Weekends are not available because post office is closed. ?Return?No Return ?International Buyers - Please Note:?Import duties, taxes, and charges are not included in the item price or shipping cost. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding or buying.

DescriptionAll items are shown in the pictures. If you cannot tell from the pictures please contact us. Due to differences in region codes some games CDs DVDs etc. may not ?be available. The voltage of some electrical products may be different. Please make sure to check before purchasing. PaymentPlease pay within 2 days of winning the auction. Shipping There have been delays in delivery due to the global pandemic. There may be a significant delay in the scheduled delivery date. Delivery Time Economy delivery? 3 to 4 weeks (Tracking numbers are not reflected in Australia Canada and some regions.) Standard delivery 2 to 3 weeks Terms of Sale If payment is not confirmed within 2 days of purchase the order will be cancelled. Returns are accepted within 60 days.International Buyers - Please Note: Import duties and taxes are not included in the item price or shipping cost. Please check with your countrys customs office for additional costs before bidding or purchasing. Duties and taxes are not collected by the shipping company. Please check with your countrys customs office for additional costs before bidding or purchasing. The act of declaring goods at a lower value or declaring goods as gifts is prohibited by international governments.

Description ?Product name?ONKYO INTEGRATED AMPLIFIER A-5VLOnkyo integrated amplifier A-5VL?Selling due to replacement.?No remote control. ?Product condition?Scratches and dirt ShippingWe always send the item with a tracking number. So please place an order without any concern on delivery. You can always track the delivery status.Shipping is only available to the address registered in eBay. If you want us to send another address, please change your address on eBay and then place an order.Shipping is available from Monday to Friday. Weekends are not available because freight (shipping) companies are closed.We do not mark merchandise values below value or mark items as ?gifts? ? Japan, US and International government regulations prohibit such behavior.About Importers ObligationImport duties, taxes, and charges are not included in the item price or shipping cost. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding or buying. Thank you for your understanding.

ONKYO A-5VL(B) Black Code 01-11164 Genuine Integrated Amplifier Digital Input To ensurez that you purchase with confidence.We guarantee the authenticity of the item. (If the item is found to be a forgery, we will promptly refund the full amount of the winning bid, shipping and handling fees to the buyers satisfaction.) *However, we will take measures to prevent swapping.Description ??Product descriptionOnkyos integrated amplifier A-5VL[Maintenance completed] ?Maximum practical output: 90W+90W (4? 1kHz, when driving 2ch, JEITA) ?Damping factor: 60 (Front, 1kHz, 8?) ?Audio input terminal: Digital × 2 (optical x 1, coaxial x 1), analog x 5 ?Audio output terminal: analog x 1 ?Speaker output terminal: 4 (banana plug compatible)?Maximum external dimensions: width 435 x height 80 x depth 340 (mm) ?Mass: 10.2kg Product condition [Used item]?PHONO terminal on the back is slightly bent [ See image ] (No problem with operation)?Case (mainly top plate), scratches and dirt here and there?Operation confirmed*Maintained (each operation, waveform, preview check) ?Original box:× You can order in bulk with other products,and price negotiation ispossible. We also purchase many other rare andlimited items. Pleasefeel free to contact us.Condition Brand New (100) Mint (95~) ************************************************************ Near Mint (90~) Excellent (80~) Very Good (70~) Good (60~) Junk (*This applies to all electronic items that have not been tested for operation with respect to junk items.) *Electronics *Please check the voltage before ordering.Except for our overseas compatible products, the voltage is Japanese specification (AC100V 50/60HZ). For those in 120V-240V regions, please use a down transformer. We also sell down transformers (made in Japan) at a lower price than usual only for those who purchase the relevant products. Shipping Handling Time:We strive to ship all orders within 7business day of payment.I promise to deliver our products toyou safely, securely, and carefully. ~For USA?Expedited (DHL or FedEx or EMS) 5days(Approx.)?Standard (DHL or FedEx or EMS) 7~10days ~For EU Area ?Expedited (DHL or FedEx or EMS) 5days(Approx.)?Standard (DHL or FedEx or EMS) 7~10days ~For the other countries?Please check by lists or ask us directly. ~Latin American regions can now be shipped for an additional shipping fee.?Please contact us for details.????????? *Stuffed toys and other items will be compressed for delivery. They will return to their original state when opened. *During the end of November to the end of December, most ofshipping will be delayed, so please order for Christmas in November.*Shipping is only available toregistered addresses. Please note that we cannot ship to addresses thatare not registered. *We are currently experiencing unstable delivery in some areas dueto the Corona influences. Please check your tracking number or contactyour local shipping office if your order is arriving much later than expected.About Us I want to people of the world to know the Japanese good item through ebay.Your satisfaction is our priority and I promise to offer a pleasant shopping experience to you. Please do not hesitate to contact us if you have any questions. I try to satisfy the customer. Thank you very much for looking at this item.International Buyers - Please Note: Import duties, taxes, and charges are not included in the item price or shipping cost. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding or buying. If the cancellation is due to the buyer, we will charge a Paypal fee. If there is a remote charge for your address, we will charge you for additional shipping. Thank you for your understanding.

DescriptionAll items are shown in the pictures. If you cannot tell from the pictures please contact us. Due to differences in region codes some games CDs DVDs etc. may not ?be available. The voltage of some electrical products may be different. Please make sure to check before purchasing. PaymentPlease pay within 2 days of winning the auction. Shipping There have been delays in delivery due to the global pandemic. There may be a significant delay in the scheduled delivery date. Delivery Time Economy delivery? 3 to 4 weeks (Tracking numbers are not reflected in Australia Canada and some regions.) Standard delivery 2 to 3 weeks Terms of Sale If payment is not confirmed within 2 days of purchase the order will be cancelled. Returns are accepted within 60 days.International Buyers - Please Note: Import duties and taxes are not included in the item price or shipping cost. Please check with your countrys customs office for additional costs before bidding or purchasing. Duties and taxes are not collected by the shipping company. Please check with your countrys customs office for additional costs before bidding or purchasing. The act of declaring goods at a lower value or declaring goods as gifts is prohibited by international governments.

ONKYO A-5VL integrated amplifier Description Accessories: Power cable, remote control *Copy of instruction manual Everything shown in the image is included. ?Shipping?DHL. ( 4-10 days to arrival)I can not responsible for normal SAL shipping loss or damage.For expensive items we recommend EMS Depending on the size and weight after packing the items,The shipping method may change depending on your location. Please contact us for additional chargesShipping is only available to the address registered in Paypal.Please note that any address not registered in Paypal is not acceptable to ship. Shipping is available from Monday to Friday. Weekends are not available because post office is closed. ?Return?No Return ?International Buyers - Please Note:?Import duties, taxes, and charges are not included in the item price or shipping cost. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding or buying.

Onkyo A-5VL Integrated Amplifier with remote Control Perfect Condition In Box.

DiscriptionIf you would like to know more about the product, please feel free to contact us. Payment Our return policy, In the only case of unopened item package.We ships from Japan This product. Import duties, taxes, and charges are not included in the item price or shipping cost. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Shipping We can ONLY ship to the address registered in your eBay account at the time of order. Remote area shipping charges may be added depending on the country or region. (In this case, we will contact you before shipping.) International Buyers - Please Note: Import duties, taxes, and charges are not included in the item price or shipping cost. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding or buying.

It powers on. No further testing done , so selling as is for parts or repair.Has original manual.

Item TitleDescriptionAbout This ItemsGood condition ONKYO A-5VL integrated amplifierThis is a masterpiece amplifier that allows you to enjoy crisp and speedy sound quality.AppearanceThere are some scratches and dirtConditionThere are no problems with coaxial digital, optical digital input, or CD LINE input.There are no problems with the low and high range adjustment and left and right balance adjustment knobs.There is no volume adjustment.Included ItemsWith remote controlShippingWe always send the item with a tracking number. So please place an order without any concern on delivery. You can always track the delivery status.Shipping is only available to the address registered in eBay. If you want us to send another address, please change your address on eBay and then place an order.Delivery from Japan takes time.We do not mark merchandise values below value or mark items as “gifts” – Japan, US and International government regulations prohibit such behavior.About Importers Obligation Import duties, taxes, and charges are not included in the item price or shipping cost. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding or buying. Thank you for your understanding.

Item TitleOnkyo A-5Vl Integrated Amplifier Payment Supports managed payments Please pay within 5 days after auction is finished. About Us We are located in Japan. Its our pleasure to make you happy by proposing our recommend item. If you have any questions or request about items please feel free to ask us. International Buyers - Please Note: -Import duties taxes and charges are not included in the item price or shipping charges. These charges are the buyers responsibility. -Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding/buying. -These charges are normally collected by the delivering freight (shipping) company or when you pick the item up - do not confuse them for additional shipping charges. -We do not mark merchandise values below value or mark items as - gifts - The US and International government regulations prohibit such behavior. Thank you for your understanding.

Item Title?Onkyo A-5VL Stereo Integrated Amplifier Audio VL Digital Operation Confirmed DescriptionAll of Items Will be Shipped From Japan.Please check with the image.As you can see in the pictures, there are stains and scratches on the top panel and switches of the chassis, so please check the pictures and understand. ONKYO A-5VLAuro 3D: No Auro 3DDTS Virtual:X: No DTS Virtual:XNumber of HDMI terminals (input): 0Number of HDMI terminals (output): 0color: SILVERHigh Component Type: Non-High Component?Condition Details?Notes on applicable itemsFor books, the language is Japanese.For DVDs, you can play it with a player that supports Region 2.For game software, it can be played on a Japanese version of the game console.[About Electronics]The rated voltage of this product is 100 V. A suitable transformer and adapter are required for use in countries with voltages of 100 V or more, such as 200 V to 240 V. Our company shall not be liable for any damage to the equipment caused by the use without the use of a transformer or adapter. Please check before purchase.Payment Please pay within 7 days of first purchase. ebay payments We can not separate invoice. Please understand.Shipping&Handling?Speedy Shipping Shipped by DHL, FedEx, or Japan Post with tracking number. *If your location is designated as remote, additional shipping charges may apply. (Some areas such as Australia, Canada, Chile, and remote areas of the U.S.) I will pack it carefully. ?Economy Shipping (Japan Post) Economy Airmail 15-40 days without tracking Additional shipping fees may apply for countries/areas where delivery by Japan Post is not available. Handling Time Please check the categories of Shipping and payments. International Buyers - Please Note:Import duties, taxes, and charges are not included in the item price or shipping cost. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding or buying. If you have any questions about products, shipping, etc., please do not hesitate to contact us by message. Thank you for your understanding.

ONKYO A-5VL Integrated Amplifier (Transistor) Description release date June 2009 Maximum output 90W + 90W (4? 1kHz, when driving 2ch, JEITA) Rated output 80W+80W(4?)/40W+40W(8?) impedance 2?~16? Play frequency 5Hz~60kHz/+1dB-3dB (LINE) Accessories: power cable, remote control *There are scratches on the front knob. ?Shipping?DHL. ( 4-10 days to arrival)I can not responsible for normal SAL shipping loss or damage.For expensive items we recommend EMS Depending on the size and weight after packing the items,The shipping method may change depending on your location. Please contact us for additional chargesShipping is only available to the address registered in Paypal.Please note that any address not registered in Paypal is not acceptable to ship. Shipping is available from Monday to Friday. Weekends are not available because post office is closed. ?Return?No Return ?International Buyers - Please Note:?Import duties, taxes, and charges are not included in the item price or shipping cost. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding or buying.

DescriptionAll items are shown in the pictures. If you cannot tell from the pictures please contact us. Due to differences in region codes some games CDs DVDs etc. may not ?be available. The voltage of some electrical products may be different. Please make sure to check before purchasing. PaymentPlease pay within 2 days of winning the auction. Shipping There have been delays in delivery due to the global pandemic. There may be a significant delay in the scheduled delivery date. Delivery Time Economy delivery? 3 to 4 weeks (Tracking numbers are not reflected in Australia Canada and some regions.) Standard delivery 2 to 3 weeks Terms of Sale If payment is not confirmed within 2 days of purchase the order will be cancelled. Returns are accepted within 60 days.International Buyers - Please Note: Import duties and taxes are not included in the item price or shipping cost. Please check with your countrys customs office for additional costs before bidding or purchasing. Duties and taxes are not collected by the shipping company. Please check with your countrys customs office for additional costs before bidding or purchasing. The act of declaring goods at a lower value or declaring goods as gifts is prohibited by international governments.

Item TitleOnkyo A-5Vl Integrated Amplifier Transistor Payment Supports managed payments Please pay within 5 days after auction is finished. About Us We are located in Japan. Its our pleasure to make you happy by proposing our recommend item. If you have any questions or request about items please feel free to ask us. International Buyers - Please Note: -Import duties taxes and charges are not included in the item price or shipping charges. These charges are the buyers responsibility. -Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding/buying. -These charges are normally collected by the delivering freight (shipping) company or when you pick the item up - do not confuse them for additional shipping charges. -We do not mark merchandise values below value or mark items as - gifts - The US and International government regulations prohibit such behavior. Thank you for your understanding.

DescriptionAll items are shown in the pictures. If you cannot tell from the pictures please contact us. Due to differences in region codes some games CDs DVDs etc. may not ?be available. The voltage of some electrical products may be different. Please make sure to check before purchasing. PaymentPlease pay within 2 days of winning the auction. Shipping There have been delays in delivery due to the global pandemic. There may be a significant delay in the scheduled delivery date. Delivery Time Economy delivery? 3 to 4 weeks (Tracking numbers are not reflected in Australia Canada and some regions.) Standard delivery 2 to 3 weeks Terms of Sale If payment is not confirmed within 2 days of purchase the order will be cancelled. Returns are accepted within 60 days.International Buyers - Please Note: Import duties and taxes are not included in the item price or shipping cost. Please check with your countrys customs office for additional costs before bidding or purchasing. Duties and taxes are not collected by the shipping company. Please check with your countrys customs office for additional costs before bidding or purchasing. The act of declaring goods at a lower value or declaring goods as gifts is prohibited by international governments.

DescriptionAll items are shown in the pictures. If you cannot tell from the pictures please contact us. Due to differences in region codes some games CDs DVDs etc. may not ?be available. The voltage of some electrical products may be different. Please make sure to check before purchasing. PaymentPlease pay within 2 days of winning the auction. Shipping There have been delays in delivery due to the global pandemic. There may be a significant delay in the scheduled delivery date. Delivery Time Economy delivery? 3 to 4 weeks (Tracking numbers are not reflected in Australia Canada and some regions.) Standard delivery 2 to 3 weeks Terms of Sale If payment is not confirmed within 2 days of purchase the order will be cancelled. Returns are accepted within 60 days.International Buyers - Please Note: Import duties and taxes are not included in the item price or shipping cost. Please check with your countrys customs office for additional costs before bidding or purchasing. Duties and taxes are not collected by the shipping company. Please check with your countrys customs office for additional costs before bidding or purchasing. The act of declaring goods at a lower value or declaring goods as gifts is prohibited by international governments.

ONKYO A-5VL Integrated Amplifier (Transistor) Description Rated output: 40W/8?/80W/4? Compatible impedance: 2? to 16? Playback frequency band: 5Hz to 60kHz Analog input: 5 systems Analog output: 1 system High resolution: ? Some seals are floating With remote control Note: This is a used item, so there may be scratches, dirt, scuffs, and fading. Please understand this before purchasing. ?Shipping?DHL. ( 4-10 days to arrival)I can not responsible for normal SAL shipping loss or damage.For expensive items we recommend EMS Depending on the size and weight after packing the items,The shipping method may change depending on your location. Please contact us for additional chargesShipping is only available to the address registered in Paypal.Please note that any address not registered in Paypal is not acceptable to ship. Shipping is available from Monday to Friday. Weekends are not available because post office is closed. ?Return?No Return ?International Buyers - Please Note:?Import duties, taxes, and charges are not included in the item price or shipping cost. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding or buying.

href=https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css> Onkyo A-5Vl Integrated Amplifier Transistor With Remote Control & Manual-Japan Description Model number: A-5VLWarranty period: 3 months Warranty Estimated shipping: 3-4 days later Registration date: March 12, 2024 Release date:2009Features/NotesRated output: 40W/8?/80W/4? Compatible impedance: 2? to 16?Features/NotesPlayback frequency band: 5Hz to 60kHz Analog input: 5 systems Analog output: 1 system High resolution: ?accessories?Power cable ?Instruction manual ?Remote controlFeatures/Notes*Products that can be refunded if they malfunction for three months (as a general rule, there are no repairs)Features/NotesNote: This is a used item, so there may be scratches, dirt, scuffs, and fading. Please understand this before purchasing.WEB No.2011430000065250[Display based on the Secondhand Goods Business Law: Ehime Prefecture Public Safety Commission No. 821050000413] ?Note only for products that are turned on.?????????????Products that do not turn on are not eligible? The power supply for this product is AC100V 50/60Hz.A transformer may be required in some countries.Please prepare the transformer on the purchase side. Outlet specifications??A typeIf it is different from A type, a converter is required. You in areas other than 100V.If you use the transformer I sell, you can use it in areas other than 100V.ebay.comhttp://www.ebay.com/itm/373547463184ebay.ukhttps://www.ebay.com/itm/373547520813 ebay.euhttps://www.ebay.com/itm/373547520926ebay.auhttps://www.ebay.com/itm/373547520958We also sell other than ebay.com.Please contact us if you would like to purchase.If you have any other questions, please contact me.* It may not be possible in some areasPlease consider carefully.Payment ??We accept payment by PayPal only. ??Please payment within ??3 days after the auction closed. Shipping free shippingShip by express EMS?or DHL or FedExWe will deliver by the fastest delivery method. Shipment with damage / loss insuranceWith tracking number ??(10-15 days to US) ??(10-30days or more to Other countries) Terms of Sale ??[About returned goods]????Returns are accepted only if the item was ? not the item described in the aution. [Return] Returned goods for personal reasons will not be accepted. International Buyers - Please Note: Import duties, taxes, and charges are not included in the item price or shipping cost. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding or buying. Provided by HARU

DENON PMA-560 INTEGRATED AMP, HK FL-8350 CD PLAYER & ONKYO T-4140 AM/FM TUNER!! This is a great sounding system and the DenonPMA-560 Amp is the heart of it all. Its sound is smooth, clean and very full! I cant think of anything negative to say about this system. It is great anyone that is on a budget but still wants audiophile quality sound. Thank you for looking! God bless! SpecificationsPower output: 70 watts per channel into 8? (stereo)Power output:110 watts per channel into 4ohms (stereo}Frequency response: 20Hz to 20kHzTotal harmonic distortion: 0.015%Input sensitivity: 0.2mV (MC), 2.5mV (MM), 150mV (line)Signal to noise ratio: 75dB (MC), 94dB (MM), 110dB (line)Dimensions: 434 x 140 x 353mmWeight: 16lbs SpecificationsDisc format: CD (5 disc multi play)Digital converter: TDA1305TCD Mechanism: SF-91Frequency response: 20Hz to 20kHzDynamic range: 96dBSignal to Noise Ratio: 98dBChannel separation: 90dBTotal harmonic distortion: 0.04%Line output: 1.9VDigital connections: coaxialDimensions: 130 x 439 x 86mmWeight: 7.6kg SpecificationsType: Mono/Stereo TunerTuning Bands: FM, MWTuning Scale: DigitalFM Tuning Range: 87.9 to 107.9 MHzMW Tuning Range: 530 to 1620 kHzSensitivity: 2uV (FM), 25uV (MW)Signal to Noise Ratio: 66dB (FM), 40dB (MW)Distortion: 0.2% (FM), 0.8% (MW)Frequency response: 30Hz to 15kHz (FM)Output: 500mV (FM), 150mV (MW)Dimensions: 435 x 71 x 268mmWeight: 3kg Year:1991 - 1995

Description Direct from Japan Please check the image carefully before purchasing. Please feel free to contact us if you have any question. Payment I accept credit cards Apple Pay Google Pay and PayPal. Shipping We will ship to world wide with tracking number. Returns Returns are accepted ONLY if the item was not the item described. International Buyers - Please Note: Import duties taxes and charges are not included in the item price or shipping cost. These charges are the buyers responsibility. Please check with your countrys customs office to determine what these additional costs will be prior to bidding or buying.